一些变量中的小学生科学课程态度的考察
C·Dilek Eren, B· Karadeniz Bayrak , E· Benzer
摘要:本研究的目的是确定在学校因素的变量中,性别,年级和学校类型对小学生对科学课程和科学实验态度的影响。在这项研究中,发现学生对科学课程的态度没有因性别和学校类型而有所不同; 年级影响着实验态度,特别是六年级,与其他各年级有显著差异。不同的学校类型学生的科学态度有不同。
Abstract:The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of gender, grade and type of school variables on the primary school studentsrsquo; attitudes toward science and technology course and science experiments. In this study, it was found that studentsrsquo; attitudes toward science course didnrsquo;t differ by gender and school type; however, there was a significant difference in terms of grade in favor of 6th grade. It was also found that studentsrsquo; attitudes toward science experiments didnrsquo;t differ by gender and grade, however, there was a significant difference in terms of school type in favor of private school.
关键词:态度,科学课程,科学实验,小学生。
Keywords: Attitude, science course, science experiments, primary school students.
一、概述
科学课程是帮助学生应对日常生活中遇到的问题和理解自然的重要课程之一。通过科学学习,培养科学素养,是科学学科学习的重要目标之一。科学课程的重点不仅应该是科学知识,还应该是提高学生当前的科学知识、技能、观点和态度(Bilgin and Geban, 2004)。在科学和技术的快速进步的同时,重视科学教育增加了世界各地的研究速度,在教育领域起到披露的作用。 (Altınok,2004)。由于发展对科学的积极态度的重要性已经实现,许多教育工作者和研究人员在更广泛的框架内开展了旨在提高学生对科学态度的具体活动。以前的研究报告指出,学生对科学和理科课程的积极态度可以提高他们的学习成绩和有意义的学习水平,并且这是影响科学理解的重要因素。以前的研究报告指出,学生对科学和理科课程的积极态度可以提高他们的学习成绩和有意义的学习水平,并且这是影响科学理解的重要因素【1】。 态度会影响学生的决定和行为,因此它在实现学习中发挥重要作用。
二、实验研究
(一)提出问题
在针对不同年龄组进行的关于科学态度的研究中,确定对科学课程的态度因性别,成绩状态,父亲的教育程度和家庭经济状况而异,他们受到影响通过学生的教育准备,愿望和学校条件,性别没有显着差异,并显示出年级和年龄显着差异(Kaya和Bouml;yuuml;k ,2011)。
在与影响科学态度的教学方法和技术有关的研究中,多元智能理论以及协作和个体概念图被发现对学生对待学习态度没有显着影响科学,而在评估过程中提供基于表现的活动,引导性质疑方法,科学和社会事件被纳入和讨论的教育环境,科学技术社会方法,戏剧技巧,使用简单材料和合作学习被发现对学生对科学课程的态度有积极的影响。
在科学课程中使用的最重要的方法之一是实验方法。通过科学实验,学生将能够反思自然界发生的事件,并开展活动,提高他们的认知技能。 学生也被认为对科学实验表现出积极或消极的态度,这对学习科学具有核心重要性[2] 因此,它旨在调查学生对科学课程和科学实验的态度是否因性别,年级和学校类型而异。 为此,建立了以下的子问题:
1.小学生对科学课程和科学实验的态度得分因性别而异?
2.小学生对科学课程和科学实验的态度是否因年级而异?
3.小学生对科学课程和科学实验的态度得分
4.由他们参加的学校是私立学校还是州立学校而有所不同?
(二)实验方式
1. 研究模型
在这项研究中,筛选模型被用来确定小学生对科学课程和科学实验的态度是否因性别,年级和学校类型而异。
2. 研究样本
该研究样本来自2012-2013学年在伊斯坦布尔省小学中随机挑选的三所不同小学的四年级,五年级和六年级的247名学生。 表1列出了按性别和年级分列的参与者。
表1
年级 |
女 |
男 |
总 |
4 |
8 |
9 |
17 |
5 |
36 |
43 |
79 |
6 |
69 |
82 |
151 |
总 |
113 |
134 |
247 |
3. 数据收集工具
在研究中,“对科学课程和科学实验的态度(ATSCSES)量表”是由Kaya和Bouml;yuuml;k(2011年)创建和发展的一个5-点Likert态度量表,其信度系数为Cronbach Alfa 0.76 ,最初由Barmby等人开发。 (2005年)调查学生对科学技术课程和科学实验的态度,被用来收集数据。 选择这个比例是因为它收集了有关对科学课程和实验的态度的数据,并且它是以更新的方式开发的。 在研究中使用的ASTSCSE中的陈述使用五步李克特型评估量表评估如下:非常同意(5),同意(4),既不同意也不反对(3),不同意(2),强烈反对( 1)。 量表由两部分组成。 该规模共包括21个项目,其中第一个项目包括13个与科技课程有关的态度项目,旨在揭示学生的态度,第二个项目包括8个科学实验态度项目。
(三)数据分析
首先,为了确定在研究中使用哪种测试方法,分析了数据的分布和同质性。 使用单样本Kolmogorov-Smirnov检验来确定正态分布的研究数据的适应性。
因素1:对科学课程的态度因素2:对科学实验的态度。
Kolmogorov Smirnov测试的结果。
因素1 |
因素2 |
|
N |
247 |
247 |
意思 |
53.93 |
36.10 |
Kolmogorov Smirnov Z |
1.266 |
3.184 |
Assymp Sig |
.081 |
.000 |
系数Assymp.Sig上的因子1值。 (显着性)大于0.05,这被认为是统计显着性计算中的极限值,表明因子1数据是正态分布的,然而,因子2值在线Assymp.Sig。 (显着性)小于0.05,表明因子2数据不正态分布。此外,为了数据的均一性,进行单因素方差分析测试。
值的均匀性结果
莱文统计 df1 df2 p
F1 .001 1 245 .976
F2 4.807 .029
值的均值性结果显示因子1的p值大于0.05,这表明因子1分布是同质的,而同一表中因子2的p值小于0.05,这表明因子2分布不均匀。 因此,在分析因子2时使用参数测试方法分析因子1和非参数测试方法是合适的。
t检验和One Way ANOVA检验用于学生对科学课程态度的总分。 Kruskal-Wallis检验是一种单向方差分析的替代技术,它不需要假设正态分布和方差均等,用于对科学实验态度的评分。
(三)发现
在本节中,根据性别,年级和学校类型,研究样本中的247名小学生的分布情况已经确定,学生对科学课程和科学实验的态度得分是否因性别,年级级别和学校类型
- 学生对科学课程和科学实验的态度分数是否因性别而异?
- 进行t检验以确定学生对科学课程态度的得分是否因性别而显着不同。
性别 |
N |
X |
S sd t p |
女 |
113 |
54.83 |
7.53 245 1.684 .094 |
男 |
134 |
53.18 |
7.75 |
如表所示,女性和男性学生之间没有显着差异(t= 1,684,pgt; 0.05)。
- 进行Kruskal-Wallis检验以确定学生对科学态度的评分,实验性别差异很大。
性别 |
N |
行的平均值 sd 2 p |
女 |
113 |
129.33 1 1.179 .277 |
男 |
134 |
119.50 |
如表所示,女性和男性学生之间没有显着差异(\= 1,179,pgt; 0.05)。
2. 学生对科学课程和科学实验的态度分数因年级而异?
a.进行单因素方差分析测试以确定学生对科学课程态度的分数是否因年级而显着不同。 如表6所示,等级之间存在显着差异(F= 3,405,p lt;.05)。 根据Scheffe测试的结果发现,在不同年级之间存在差异,6年级学生对科学课程态度的得分(X = 54,93)比5年级学生的得分更为积极(X = 49 ,80)对科学课程的态度。
b.进行Kruskal-Wallis检验以确定学生对科学态度的评分实验因年级而异。
3.学生对科学课程和科学实验的态度得分是否因所参加的教育机构而异?
a. 进行了t检验以确定学生对科学课程态度的总分数是否因学校类型而异。表8为按学校类型划分的学生对科学课程态度得分的t检验结果
学校类型 |
N |
X |
S sd t p |
州 |
173 |
53.8035 |
7.81 245 .424 .672 |
私人的 |
74 |
54.2568 |
7.39 |
如表8所示,按学校类型划分的科学课程的态度没有显着差异(t=,424,pgt; .05)。
b. 进行Kruskal-Wallis检验以确定学生对科学态度的评分实验因学校类型而异。
表9.按学校类型划分的学生对科学实验态度评分的Kruskal-Wallis检验结果
学校类型 |
N |
行的平均值 sd 2 p |
州 |
173 |
117.32 1 5.126 .024 |
私人的 |
74lt; 剩余内容已隐藏,支付完成后下载完整资料 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 174 (2015) 1006 – 1014 INTE 2014 The examination of primary school studentsrsquo; attitudes toward science course and experiments in terms of some variables C. Dilek Erena*, B. Karadeniz Bayrakb , E. Benzerc Kocaeli University, Faculty of Education, Science Education Department, Turkey; Yıldız Teknik University, Faculty of Education, CEIT Department, Turkey; Marmara University, Faculty of Ataturk Education, Science Education Department, Turkey Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of gender, grade and type of school variables on the primary school studentsrsquo; attitudes toward science and technology course and science experiments. The study group is 247 students in 4th, 5th and 6th grades from three public schools and one private school in Istanbul in the semester of 2012-2013. Attitudes toward science and technology course and science experiments scale was used as a data collection instrument within the scope of this study. The scale was developed by Barmby et al (2005) and adapted to Turkish by Kaya and Bouml;yuuml;k (2011). The data obtained were analyzed quantitatively using SPSS 16.00. T-test and One Way Anova test, and Kruskal -Wallis test for studentsrsquo; scores for attitudes toward science experiments were employed. In this study, it was found that studentsrsquo; attitudes toward science course didnrsquo;t differ by gender and school type; however, there was a significant difference in terms of grade in favor of 6th grade. It was also found that studentsrsquo; attitudes toward science experiments didnrsquo;t differ by gender and grade, however, there was a significant difference in terms of school type in favor of private school. As a result, the difference in favor of private school brings to mind the question “how and how often is science taught using experiments in state schools?” In this study, it is also recommended that pre-service science teachers should be taught the importance of making science experiments. copy; 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer-review under responsibility of the Sakarya University copy; 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. Peer-review under responsibility of the Sakarya University. Keywords: Attitude, science course, science experiments, primary school students. IntroductionScience course is one of the important courses that will help students cope with the problems they encounter in daily life and understand nature. By science literacy, which is one of the most *Corresponding author. Tel.: 90-262-303-24-78; fax: 90-262-303-24-03 E-mail address: canandilek@kocaeli.edu.tr 1877-0428 copy; 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer-review under responsibility of the Sakarya University doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.01.1245 C. Dilek Eren et al. / Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 174 (2015) 1006 – 1014 1007 important goals of science course, individuals understand the nature of science and scientific knowledge, learn to solve problems based on basic principles, concepts, laws and theories of science and technology and to use scientific methods (Kenar and Balcı, 2012). Indeed, it was intended to raise all citizens as science and technology literates in science and technology course curriculum published in 2006 as well as in science course curriculum published in 2013. However, it is also expected in common and main purposes created that the students develop curiosity about, attitudes toward and interest in science [Ministry of National Education (MEB), 2006; MEB, 2013]. Focus in science course should be not only scientific knowledge but also improving studentsrsquo; current scientific knowledge, skills, perspectives and attitudes (Bilgin and Geban, 2004). In parallel with the rapid advancement in science and technology, importance given to science education have increased all over the world and studies conducted in the field of education revealed the role of concepts such as attitudes and motives in the learning process (Altınok, 2004). When the literature of science teaching is examined, it is clear that the importance of academic learning products as well as of affective learning products, and accordingly the ineffectiveness of science teaching are frequently verbalized. The affective learning product which is emphasized the most is attitudes toward science and science courses (Altınok and Uuml;n Accedil;ıkgouml;z, 2006). Since the importance of developing positive attitudes toward science was realized, specific activities that can be performed to improve studentsrsquo; attitudes toward science were carried out by many educators and researchers in a wider framework (Papanastasio and Papanastasio, 2004). The importance of studentsrsquo; attitudes in learning science has attracted researchers for the last 30 years (Hong, Lin and Lawrenz, 2008). Previous research reported that studentsrsquo; positive attitudes toward science and hence science courses improve their academic performance and meaningful learning levels, and it is an important factor influencing understanding of science (Azizoğlu and Ccedil;etin, 2009; Erdem, Yılmaz, Atav and Guuml;cuuml;m, 2004; Hong and Lin, 2011). Attitude influences studentsrsquo; decisions and behaviors so it plays an important role in the realization of learni 剩余内容已隐藏,支付完成后下载完整资料 资料编号:[281770],资料为PDF文档或Word文档,PDF文档可免费转换为Word |
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