A STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF LOGGING AND AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIESON THE WATER QUALITY OF TASIK CHINI, PAHANG, MALAYSIA

MOHD ADAM BIN MUSA

Thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of therequirements for the award of the degree ofBachelor of Civil EngineeringFaculty of Civil Engineering amp; Earth Resources

UNIVERSITY MALAYSIA PAHANG

JANUARY 2014

ABSTRACT

A study on the impact of logging and agricultural activity towards water quality in Tasik Chini was carried out in July and August 2013. Seven sampling stations were selected for this study: Gumum, Jerangking, Jemberau, Batu Busuk, Melai, Mempitih, and Dam Area. Thirteen water quality parameters were considered in this study during dry and wet season periods. The parameters were then analyzed and measured according to Department of Environment Water Quality Index (DOE-WQI) and National Water Quality Standard (NWQS) for Malaysia. The water quality of Tasik Chini falls into class II according to classification using DOE-WQI. Therefore, it is suitable for recreational uses but need conventional treatment for water supply. Agricultural activity, such as palm oil plantation at Gumum, rubber plantation near Jerangking and logging activities at Bukit Tebakang near the lake did affected water quality in Tasik Chini. If these situations continued, may have caused Tasik Chini environmental degradation and may affect the aquatic life and hydrological characteristics of water system in long term deterioration.

ABSTRAK

Kajian terhadap kesan - kesan dari aktiviti - aktiviti pembalakan dan juga pertanian ke atas kualiti air di Tasik Chini telah dijalankan pada bulan julai dan ogos 2013. Sebanyak tujuh stesyen pengsampelan telah dipilih untuk kaacute;ji.antilde; mi. Gumum, Jerangking, Jemberau, Barn Busuk, Melai, Mempitih dan juga kawasa empangan telah dipilih.Sebanyak tiga belas parameter kualiti air telah diambil kira dala kajian mi semasa musa kering dan juga musim lembab. Parameter - parameter mi kemudiannya dianalisa dan diukur berdasarkan Indeks Kualiti Air Jabatan Alam Sekitar (DOE-WQJ) dan juga Standard Kualiti Air Negara (NWQS) Malaysia. Kualiti air Tasik Chini dikelaskan dalam kelas if berdasarkan IndeksKualiti Air Jabatan Alam Sekitar (DOE-WQI). Oleh Itu, ia boleh digunakan bagi tujuan rekreasi. Akan tetapi, ia memerlukan rawatan konvensional untuk dijadikan sumber bekalan air. Aktiviti pertanian seperti ladang kelapa sawit di Gumum, ladang getah berhampiran Jerangking serta aktiviti pembalakan di Bukit Tebakang berhampiran tasik telah memberi kesan terhadap kualiti air di Tasik Chini. Jika keadaan mi berterusan, ia akan menyebabkan Tasik Chini menghadapi masalah alam sekitar dan seterusnya memberi kesan langsung terhadap hidupan di dalam Tasik Chini untuk jangka masa yang panjang.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE Page

ABSTRACT ii

ABSTRAK iii

TABLE OF CONTENTS iv

LIST OF TABLES v

LIST OF FIGURES vi

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS vii

CHAPTER 1 1

1.1 BACKGROUND -OF-STUDY 1

1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT 1

1.3 RESEARCH OBJECTIVES 2

1.4 SCOPE OF STUDY 2

1.5 SIGNIFICANT OF STUDY 3

CHAPTER 2 4

2.1 INTRODUCTION 4

2.2 CHINI LAKE 4

2.3 WATER POLLUTION 5

2.3.1 Point Sources Pollution 5

2.3.2 Non - Point Sources Pollution 5

2.3.3 Agricultural Runoff 5

2.3.4 Logging Activities 6

2.4 PHYSICAL WATER QUALITY PARAMETERS 6

2.4.1 Temperature 6

2.4.2 Turbidity 7

2.4.3 Total Suspended Solid 7

2.5 CHEMICAL WATER QUALITY PARAMETERS 7

2.5.1 pH 7

2.5.2 Electrical Conductivity 8

2.5.3 Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) 8

2.5.4 Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) 8

2.5.5 Dissolved Oxygen 8

2.5.6 Ammoniacal Nitrogen 9

2.5.7 Nitrate 9

2.5.8 Phosphate 9

2.6 BIOLOGICAL WATER QUALITY PARAMETERS 9

2.6.1 Total Coliform 9

2.6.2 Escherichia Coli 10

2.7 WATER QUALITY INDEX (WQI) 10

LIST OF TABLES

Table No. Title Page

Table 2.1 DOE Water Quality Index Classification 13

Table 2.2 DOE Water Quality Index Classification Based on Water Quality Index 13

Table 2.3 Description of WQI Classes 14

Table 2.4 National Water Quality Standards for Malaysia 15

Table 2.5 Water Classes and Uses 16

Table 3.1 Sampling stations and their coordinate 21

Table 3.2 In - situ equipments and the considered parameters 21

Table 3.3 List of laboratory-test and-the main equipments used 22

Table 3.4 Water samples pre

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