译文Introduction

纺织和服装供应链的电子商务应用

资料来源：Department of Textiles, UMIST. Volume 2, Issue 2, Spring 2005

作者：Lucy Daly and Professor Margaret Bruce

1．简介

E-commerce is a new and exciting technology, attracting much interest.电子商务是一个令人振奋的极具吸引力的新技术。 It has the potential of fundamentally changing the ways in which companies do business, thus having a profound effect on the management of the supply chain.它有可能从根本上改变公司的经营，影响供应链的管理。Aspects of e-commerce will be discussed, including the impact on industry as a whole, descriptions of aspects associated with e-commerce, Business-to-consumer (B2C) e-commerce, business-to-Business (B电子商务方面将会讨论整个产业与电子商务结合会产生的影响，以及企业对消费者（B2C），企业对企业（B2B）的电子商务。 Through case studies this paper identifies a number of small companies in the textiles and clothing supply chain and analyses their use of e-commerce and the impact that this has had on the company and also on communication within the chain.

Hines (2001) argues that the e-revolution is transforming how business-to-business markets are interacting.Hines（2004）认为，电子革命是企业对商业市场的相互作用而产生的改变。This change has occurred not only because of technological advances, but factors such as globalisation, organisational restructuring, information and communication technologies, increased focus on differentiation over cost-cutting, and the rise in consumeris发生这种变化不仅是因为科技的进步，还有如经济全球化，企业组织结构调整，更重视信息通信，成本分化和消费价格上涨等因素。

2．E-commerce for business-to-business activitiesB2B电子商务活动

McGuffog and Wadsley (1999) argue that e-commerce is set to revolutionise the way in which most businesses conduct their business and administrative processes.McGuffog和Wadsley（1999）认为，电子商务是确定大多数企业开展业务和行政程序的关键。Companies can utilise activities such as collaborative event management, the structuring and synchronisation of master data, and the sharing of customer dat公司可以利用如协作活动管理，结构大师和同步数据，与客户共享数据。Although consumer web businesses rarely make any profit from advertising, sales or subscriptions, the use of e-commerce for business-to-business purposes appears much more promising (Klein and Quelch 1997), and business-to-business e-commerce is set to far exceed business-to-consumer e-commerce financially (Barnes-Vierya and Claycomb, 2001)个人网络公司从广告、销售、订阅服务获得的利润很少，B2B电子商务比B2C电子商务更有前景（Barnes-Vierya and Claycomb，2001）。It is expected that, by 2004, in excess of one fourth of all business-to-business purchases will be carried out over the Internet (Kuechler et al, 2001).据预计，到2006年，所有的企业对企业采购将超过四分之一在网上进行（Kuechler等，2001）。E-business enables companies to enhance information exchange, by breaking down communication and coordination barriers (Cheng et al, 2001), although this may not actually lead to an increase in the number of transactions (Ratnasingam 2001)电子商务虽然可能不能直接增加企业的交易数量，当可以提高企业的信息交流，帮助企业通过沟通和协调来打破贸易壁垒（Ratnasingam，2004）。

McGaughey (1999) highlights the ways in which Internet and Intranet technologies can enhance co-operation within the supply chain, and interaction between organisations.McGaughey（1999）强调了通过因特网和内联网技术来提高供应链之间的交流。这样Companies are able to communicate easily and share knowledge and experiences, thus facilitating long-term relationship building (Wang et al, 2000)公司间可以更轻松地进行沟通以及分享知识和经验，从而促进长期关系的建立（Wan等，2003）。在供应链之间Interaction and partnering within the supply chain can enable companies to optimise performance (Wong 1999) and reliable products (Desbarats 1999)互动与合作可以帮助企业优化性能和生产高质量产品（Desbarats，1999）。The Internet facilitates communications between parties and has been referred to as a universal medium for business interaction (Preiss et al, 1996, cited in McGaughey, 1999)互联网促进了各方之间的通讯，被称为“商业互动常用媒介”（Preiss；McGaughey，1999）。The Intranet is used to facilitate communication within companies, and the Internet to aid in communication and interaction with the rest of the world内联网是用来促进公司内部的通信，有助于公司与世界各地进行沟通、互动。It is suggested that the use of e-commerce in B2B transactions adds value to the supply chain, by empowering the buyer through a bigger selection, better control and increased competition有人建议，B2B电子商务交易可以给买家增加选择机会，使竞争更激烈，从而加大供应链价值。However, suppliers are also able to see benefits in the form of greater market opportunities, the elimination of the middleman resulting in a stronger link with the customer, improved marketing abilities and dynamic trading capabilities (Meeker et al, 1999)然而，供应商也能够看到，只要消除与中间人之间的联系，就可以提高直接营销能力和动态交易能力，从而获得更大的利益（Meeker等，1999）。

3．E-commerce in the supply chain电子商务在供应链

The Internet is likely to have a considerable impact on supply chain management (Falcioni 1999), with the supply chain becoming much more tightly connected, and thus supply chain management needing greater coordination in terms of time and resources (Angeles and Nath 2000).互联网对供应链管理有很大的影响，为使供应链连接更加紧密，则需要更好的协调供应链管理方面的时间和资源（Angeles and Nath，2000）。In addition, the flow of power has been reversed, and customers now dictate terms and conditions to suppliers此外，流量的力量已经扭转，现在客户通过条款及条件来决定供应商。However, there are problems to be associated with using e-commerce in the supply chai不过，有关供应链的电子商务应用也有问题。例如，在公司之间建立信息系统是一个挑战，因为在未经各方同意之前，系统不能添加，更改或删除的任何信息（Falcioni，1999）。

4．E-commerce as a facilitator of supply chain relationships电子商务作为供应链关系的促进者

Gilbert et al (1999) suggest that world-wide 60% of large companies and 30% of medium sized companies now use the Internet for marketing and business activities.Gilbert等人（1999）表明，现在世界范围内有60%的大型企业和30%的中型企业进行网络营销。They argue that setting up a web site is easily affordable for companies, and that it provides a more or less level playing field for all (Berthon et al, 1996, cited in Gilbert et al, 1998)他们认为，对公司来说，建立一个可以提供公平竞争的网站是很容易的（Berthon等，1996）。From a marketing perspective, the Web allows greater interactivity, thus allowing visitors to only select and retrieve information that holds some interest从市场角度出发，网络允许更广泛的交互性，可以让游客只选择和检索某些信息，从而对供应商保存一些兴趣。Loughlin (1999) however, argues that for the supplier to be an active partner in the supply chain, a complete change of attitud

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文献综述

原文

The Use of E-Commerce in the Textile and Apparel Supply Chain

Material Source: Department of Textiles, UMIST. Volume 2, Issue 2, Spring 2005

Author: Lucy Daly and Professor Margaret Bruce

1.Introduction

电子商务是一个新的和令人振奋的技术，吸引了很大的兴趣。E-commerce is a new and exciting technology, attracting much interest. 它有可能从根本上改变链的方法，使公司的经营，从而有深远的影响供应的管理。 It has the potential of fundamentally changing the ways in which companies do business, thus having a profound effect on the management of the supply chain. 电子商务方面的电子将被讨论，其中包括作为一个整体影响工业，商业描述- E的相关方面，企业对消费者（B2C）的电子商务，企业对企业（B2B）。 Aspects of e-commerce will be discussed, including the impact on industry as a whole, descriptions of aspects associated with e-commerce, Business-to-consumer (B2C) e-commerce, business-to-Business (B2B). 本文通过案例研究，确定了链数的小公司在纺织和服装供应链，并分析其使用电子商务的影响，这已经对公司内也沟通。

海恩斯（2001）认为，电子革命是如何改变企业对商业市场的相互作用。Hines(2004) argues that the e-revolution is transforming how business-to-business markets are interacting. 发生这种变化不仅是因为科技的进步，但技术因素，如全球化，组织结构调整，信息与沟通，提高切割的重点，在成本上的分化和消费价格的上涨。 This change has occurred not only because of technological advances, but factors such as globalisation, organisational restructuring, information and communication technologies, increased focus on differentiation over cost-cutting, and the rise in consumerism.

2.电子商务企业对企业的活动E-commerce for business-to-business activities

McGuffog和沃兹利（1999）认为，电子商务是设定为革命性的方式，大多数企业开展业务和行 ​​政程序。McGuffog and Wadsley (1999) argue that e-commerce is set to revolutionise the way in which most businesses conduct their business and administrative processes. Companies can utilise activities such as collaborative event management, the structuring and synchronisation of master data, and the sharing of customer data. 尽管消费者网络业务很少会或订阅任何利润来自广告，销售的目的而使用电子商务的企业对业务前景似乎更为（Klein和奎尔奇1997年），以及企业对企业电子商务的设置远超过企业对消费者的电子商务经济（巴恩斯- Vierya和克莱科姆，2001）。 Although consumer web businesses rarely make any profit from advertising, sales or subscriptions, the use of e-commerce for business-to-business purposes appears much more promising, and business-to-business e-commerce is set to far exceed business-to-consumer e-commerce financially (Barnes-Vierya and Claycomb, 2001). 据预计，到2004年，在Internet超过了四分之一，所有的企业对企业采购将超过进行（Kuechler等，2001）。 It is expected that, by 2006, in excess of one fourth of all business-to-business purchases will be carried out over the Internet (Kuechler et al, 2001). 电子商务使企业能够提高，2001年）信息交流，通过沟通和协调，打破贸易壁垒（郑等人，虽然这可能并不真正导致）增加2001年的交易数量（Ratnasingam。 E-business enables companies to enhance information exchange, by breaking down communication and coordination barriers, although this may not actually lead to an increase in the number of transactions (Ratnasingam 2004).

麦高（1999）强调了如何在因特网和内联网技术，可以提高供应链的合作范围内，和组织之间的互动。McGaughey (1999) highlights the ways in which Internet and Intranet technologies can enhance co-operation within the supply chain, and interaction between organisations. 公司可以轻松地进行沟通和分享知识和经验，从而促进长期关系的建立（王等，2000）。 Companies are able to communicate easily and share knowledge and experiences, thus facilitating long-term relationship building (Wang et al, 2000). 互动与合作，在供应链可以使企业能够优化性能（黄1999）和可靠的产品（Desbarats 1999年）。 Interaction and partnering within the supply chain can enable companies to optimise performance and reliable products (Desbarats 1999). 互联网促进各方之间的通讯，并已转介），作为一个企业的普遍的媒介相互作用（普雷斯等，麦高1996年，引于1999年。 The Internet facilitates communications between parties and has been referred to as a universal medium for business interaction (Preiss；McGaughey, 1999). 内联网是用来促进公司内部的通信和互联网的交互沟通和帮助世界各地的。 The Intranet is used to facilitate communication within companies, and the Internet to aid in communication and interaction with the rest of the world. 有人建议，在交易中使用电子商务在B2B增值的供应链的竞争，并增加授权由买方通过一个更大的选择，更好的控制。 It is suggested that the use of e-commerce in B2B transactions adds value to the supply chain, by empowering the buyer through a bigger selection, better control and increased competition. 然而，供应商也能够看到机会利益的形式在市场越大，，消除与中间人之间的联系造成了客户的完善的营销能力和动态交易能力（米克等，1999）。 However, suppliers are also able to see benefits in the form of greater market opportunities, the elimination of the middleman resulting in a stronger link with the customer, improved marketing abilities and dynamic trading capabilities (Meeker et al, 1999).

3.电子商务在供应链E-commerce in the supply chain

互联网是可能有1999年）相当大的影响供应链管理（Falcioni，与供应链变得更加紧密相连，因而需要供应链管理2000年）更纳特协调方面的时间和资源（洛杉矶和。The Internet is likely to have a considerable impact on supply chain management, with the supply chain becoming much more tightly connected, and thus supply chain management needing greater coordination in terms of time and resources (Angeles and Nath 2000). 此外，功率流已经扭转，客户现在决定的条款及条件的供应商。 In addition, the flow of power has been reversed, and customers now dictate terms and conditions to suppliers. 不过，也有供应链问题是在与贸易相关的使用电子邮件。 However, there are problems to be associated with using e-commerce in the supply chain. 例如，获取的信息系统之间工作的公司是一个挑战，因为系统必须使各公司能够添加，更改或删除1999年）的任何信息，而无需先将所有有关各方联系（Falcioni。 For example, getting the information systems to work between companies is one challenge, as systems must enable each company to add, change or delete any information without first having to contact all parties involved (Falcioni 1999).

4.电子商务作为一个促进者的供应链关系E-commerce as a facilitator of supply chain relationships

吉尔伯特等人（1999年）表明，世界范围内60％的大型企业和30％的中型公司现在使用互联网的营销活动和业务。Gilbert et al (1999) suggest that world-wide 60% of large companies and 30% of medium sized companies now use the Internet for marketing and business activities. 他们认为，建立一个网站是很容易的公司可以负担得起，而且它提供或多或少对公平竞争的所有领域（Berthon等人，1996年，1998转引自吉尔伯特等人）。 They argue that setting up a web site is easily affordable for companies, and that it provides a more or less level playing field for all (Berthon et al, 1996). 从营销的角度来看，网络允许更大的交互性，从 ​​而让游客，只选择和检索信息，保存了一些兴趣。From a

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