当代大学生思想政治教育工作存在的问题及对策外文翻译资料

当代大学生思想政治教育工作存在的问题及对策

摘要：思想政治教育是高校德育教育的主阵地，是提高学生思想素质的重要途径。研究表明，思想政治课程的实际结果和我们的期望有一定的差距。因此，必须从提高学生的主体性、有效性这些方面进行改革创新。

关键词：思想政治教育；问题；对策；

一、引言

“坚持教书与育人相结合；坚持教育与自我教育相结合；坚持与政治的结合；理论教育与社会实践；坚持解决思想问题与解决实际问题相结合；坚持教育与管理相结合；坚持继承与改进创新相结合。”这“六结合”原则是加强和改进大学生思想政治教育实践的完整的概念体系。当代大学生应该掌握和实施“六结合”原则，扩大自己的眼界，与时俱进。

二、高校思想政治教育的现状

近年来，教学改革取得的一些结果，根据“我的实用思想”教学的影响的问卷调查中，46.7%的新生和31.6%名普通学生一致肯定改革的成效，但同时也存在着一些问题。

首先，高校思想政治教育在教学内容和学生的思想、实践之间有一个很大的鸿沟。调查显示，87.6%的新生和75.4%老生认为，思想政治教育是基础教育，很有实行的必要性。此外，73.2%的新生和61.4%的老生认为涉及自己的思想要与实际紧密结合。然而，几乎所有的学生都建议教育要联系现实生活。这些矛盾表明，学生认识到思想政治教育的重要性，但不同意教师忽视实践性教学。这有力地证明：学生仍渴望道德和伦理的指示，进入大学后，有一个给定的指令的区别。许多教师重视理论，忽视了理论并结合学生的生活实际。因此，忽视现实和教学的联系，将使得效果打折扣。

第二，高校重视不够，思想政治教育和思想政治工作队伍人员是不够的。目前，不少高校重视不够。由于思想政治工作者的无知，辅导员和共青团干部人员不多，低回报，还有专业评价的难度。此外，不增加普通教师的工资，使教师的工资比政治工作干部低。结果只能导致部分教师从思想政治教育工作转向专业教育，这就形成了不安全和不稳定的政治工作干部队伍。因此，我们必须高度重视这个问题。

第三，实践缺乏。教育的基本原则是知行统一。思想政治教育，指的是理论教育与实践相结合，知行统一进行思想道德观念内化为思想道德。实践是必不可少的途径，其中包括两个关系：一是主张通过道德教育，使正确的价值观成为学生的信仰，追求和道德要求，从而形成道德行为的动机；另一个是道德的“实践精神”，这就要求道德观念最终作用于人的活动，通过道德情感经验，形成和巩固道德观念，通过实践成为自觉的道德义务，从而完成“知行统一”。但多年以来，无论是理论指导或专业学习，教师做了大量“知”的工作，然而，真正内化的道德观念不多。

第四，缺乏教育方法的灵活性。思想政治教育是用生硬的灌输方式，形成以行政命令式的教育模式，缺乏有效的辅导教育，启发教育，实践教学，忽视学生主体的需要和心灵的沟通，把思想政治素质和道德素质作为接受和理解科学与技术培养的改进。以人为本的理念，理解学生，尊重学生，关爱学生，关注学生的真实需要才是整个教育过程。根据自己的需要和社会发展状况，学生接受教育需要主动性。实际中教育的方法是机械化。在实际教学中，教师使用的课堂教学，传统教学的报告，讲座等，不能吸引学生。他们理论联系实际的能力薄弱，缺乏有针对性的方法，如演讲，辩论，讨论，观察与体验。在课堂教学方面，只有“一本书，一支笔”，很少采用现代化的教学手段，如多媒体。这也是学生逃课的主要原因，其他的方式如会议和活动，只是照本宣科，读文件或材料，活动的所有时间都没有新的含义或创意，缺乏吸引力。由于资金紧张，担心安全问题，一些优惠活动不能很好的运作。

三、基本对策与建议

第一，更新观念，认为道德是根本，建立思想政治工作系统的开放观。更新观念，加强和改进思想政治教育工作，提高学生思想教育工作的效率。在新时期，这些新的想法必须运用到工作上。教师必须具有新的教育观念和思想，与时俱进，对思想和学习状态进行深刻理解，防止假大空的理论，让学生感到厌烦和不现实。教育者在现实生活中发生的实际情况，结合自身的实际情况，探索思想教育的新趋势和问题，更新知识，交流经验，拓宽他们的眼睛，跟上形势的变化和推动大学生思想政治教育的效果。

第二，高校要突出思想政治教育的位置，构建科学的团队模式。加强对教师和班级教师素质和学校、评价干部的重要标准和重要模范建设。一是加强教师选拔，选择管理就业和能力配置优秀的思想品德课教师，并加强管理、观察与评价。另一种是创造教师继续学习的机会。最后是促进教师提高自身素质，不断提高专业的教育和培训的影响。如果教师和班级教师要适应思想政治教育工作的现实，他们必须提高自身的综合素质和接受政治素质、业务素质的培训和教育。

第三，社会实践是思想政治教育的重要部分，它在促进大学生了解社会和国情有着不可替代的作用，从而增强能力，锻炼毅力，培养素质和提高他们的社会责任。在实践过程中，学生可以了解和我国自改革开放的发展变化。在实践过程中，深深感觉到群众朴实无华，善良和努力工作，而且更了解中华民族的优良传统，增强民族自豪感和民族自信心，提高自己的道德水平和自身素质。总之，练习有助于学生了解社会，树立正确的职业观，增强历史使命感和社会责任感，使各种实践活动真正成为自我教育的过程，寻找提高思想政治教育实效性的新途径。

第四，坚持灌输原则必须结合丰富多样的教育方式，方法和途径。灌输教育必须结合启发疏导，互补、相互促进。灌输的水平必须注意，不要“一刀切”，根据学生的年龄，接受能力和自我的需求，根据自己的能力教。坚持丰富教学内容，体现时代性，把握规律性，将丰富的创造力和理论与实践相结合，拒绝在断章取义，改变稳定的教育模式如班会，报告，等带来的实际教育，可以使用网络教育，文化教育和研究教育，建立一个民主的模式。

学生是宝贵的人力资源，国家的希望，民族的未来和建设者和中国特色社会主义事业的接班人，他们的素质直接影响在全面建设小康社会目标的实现。所以各学校和教师必须充分认识思想教育的重要性，探索思想教育的新问题新趋势使学生不断更新知识，交流经验，拓展思维。根据不断变化的形势，提高思想政治教育的有效性。

外文文献出处：elsevier

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Problems in the Ideological and Political Educationin Contemporary Colleges and Their Countermeasures

Luquan Zhang

Abstract: Ideological and political education is the battle position of moral education of colleges and universities and an important way to enhance the thought quality of students. The investigation shows that there is a certain gap between actual results of the course and our expectations. So the reform must be carried on from the aspects of direction, effectiveness, and subjectivity, etc.

Keywords: Ideological and political education, problems, countermeasures.

1 Introduction

Stick with the combination of teaching and educating people; stick with the combination of education and self-education; stick with the combination of political

theory education and social practices; stick with the combination of solving ideological problems and solving practical problems; stick with the combination of education and management; stick with the combination of inheriting and improvement amp; innovation. The “six combinations” principle is the integrity practical conception system of enhancing and improving the ideological and political education of college studentsrsquo;.The contemporary students should hold and implement the “six combination principles”, they should widen their eyes, advance with the times and seek truth.

2 The Contemporary Situation of Ideological and Political Education in Colleges

Although the teaching reform has achieved some results in recent years, in the results

of the questionnaire survey on “the impression or influence of teaching on my practical thought”, 46.7% freshmen and 31.6% senior students agree definitely, indicating that some problems still exist.

First, there is a big gap between teaching content and ideological practice of

studentsrsquo;. The survey shows, 87.6% freshmen and 75.4% sophomores, junior students

and senior students approve that it is essential to go on ideological and political

education in colleges, besides, 73.2% freshmen and 61.4% other students believe that it relates to their ideological practice tightly. However, almost all the students suggest

making the course tie to the real life. The contradictory indicates that the students

realize the importance of ideological and political education, but not to agree with the

teachersrsquo; practical instruction. Only 46.4% freshmen and 31.6% other students think

the instructions have an effect on their ideological practice. That strongly proves that

students are still eager to the instructions to morals and ethics after entering the college,which has a difference with given instructions. Many teachers pay more attention to theory, ignoring the importance of the combination of theory and studentsrsquo; real life. Thus, the students canrsquo;t relate the content to real life and the teaching effect is discounted.

Second, colleges and universities pay inadequate attention to the ideological and

political education and the ideological and political work team staffs are not enough. At present, not few colleges and universities pay inadequate attention to the ideological and political education. Due to the ignorance of ideological political workers, the counselors and communist youth league cadres have not high statures, low pays, difficulty in professional evaluation, housing and other problems. Besides, not few increase the pays of ordinary teachers, which makes teachersrsquo; pay are more than political work cadresrsquo;. As its results, some teachers who work for ideological and political education turn to major education, which leads to insecure political work

cadres and instable team. Due to the serious effect, we must highly value this

problem[1].

Third, practice is lack. The basic principle of education is the principle of unity of knowing-doing, with reference to ideological and political education, which refers to the combination of theory education and practice, united knowing with doing to make ideological and moral conceptions internalized as ideological morality. Knowing is the premise of doing, knowing is a process of conscious awareness. Practice is the essential way, which includes two connections: one is advocated by moral education that values should become studentsrsquo; belief, pursuit and moral desire, to form behaviormotivation of morality; the other is moralrsquo;s “practical spirit”, which requires that the moral onception finally acts on onersquo;s activities, through the experiences of moral emotions,forming and consolidating moral ideas during practices to become conscious moral obligation, thus finishing “unity of knowing-doing”. But since many years, no matter the theoretical instructions or major learning, teachers do a lot of work in the aspect of “knowing”, however, the truly internalized sector of moral ideas is not much. The final reason is to lack of the moral practice. All in all, the phenomenon that knowing breaks with doing generally exists in the ideological and political education work, featuring as“non-knowing-non-doing”, “knowing-non-doing” and “knowing but wrong doing”.The plight highly dilutes the effectiveness of ideological and political education in colleges[2].

Fourth, the methods of education lack of flexibility. Ideological and political

education is used to rigid indoctrination all the times, forming education model with the style of executive order, lack of effective counseling education, inspired education,instruction and practice education, ignoring the main need of students and spiritual communication, to look on improvement of ideological and political qualities and cultivation of moral quality as acceptation and understanding of science and

technology. The conceptions of people oriented, respect for the studentsrsquo; characters and statures, understanding students, respecting students, loving students and focus

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