高校BBS网络社区冲突管理研究外文翻译资料

高校BBS网络社区冲突管理研究

摘要：本文提出的工作重点是BBS管理和系统管理之间的冲突。基本理论包括：冲突理论，传播理论，思想政治教育理论知识。此外，通过使用合理的和定性分析，观察和统计手段，BBS冲突的原因主要是在结束的类型、功能和效果的方面。最后，得出五策略的解决方案，利用在BBS管理方法，为避免冲突的发生，以净化环境和保持校园的秩序。

关键词：BBS管理； 系统管理； 冲突；信息

1.引言

高校BBS的发展对大学生的学习、生活和思想影响日益广泛，但同时给高校的思想和宣传工作带来的机遇和挑战。BBS的匿名注册的功能，使不安全的信息出现更频繁，如攻击社会、国家、学校的激烈言论和垃圾信息，同时让网民发表信息言论更加肆无忌惮。2005年3月，多所大学的BBS逐步开展实名控制系统。通过注册，用真实姓名取代匿名，实际的法律制度和标准延伸到网络，使互联网的用户规范自己的上网行为，减少为发表不良信息而上线的人。但实名制的出现不能从根本上摆脱虚假信息和谣言的辐射，高校BBS管理者需要提出相关对策，完善管理机制。

BBS的管理和指导，不仅研究了立法机构、媒体和学术界的一个重要课题。发现影响BBS健康发展的因素，并寻求能减少和解决BBS冲突是教育和引导学生的关键点。BBS上的学者在国内外目前的研究是从传播学、社会学和心理学进行。从管理学的角度来看，国内学者主要研究的措施、信息管理系统的结构和BBS社区的信息传播，并尝试建立网络社会的监督机制。虽然这篇文章也开始从高校BBS的管理，它主要是针对存在的问题和弊端出现在大学BBS的内部管理，就是研究对现有的宏观调控的人工理系统的管理冲突高校和学生的自我管理。探讨BBS的管理冲突问题的积极意义，进一步加强和提高高校BBS的管理效果。

2. BBS的冲突分析

高校BBS的冲突是高校冲突的反映。作为一种特殊的载体，虚拟社区起着促进、扩散或隐藏在高校一些冲突的作用。BBS作为一种高校独特的信息交流平台，最明显的特征就是言论自由。但自从实行实名制后，原来的“完全自由”已经消失了，如今在现实中存在太多的管理限制。实名制的实施，使线上的口头辩论有可能将变成现实肢体冲突。因此，在许多限制下的BBS有比较明显和特殊矛盾的特征。本文研究用对的“冲突”仅限于破坏性的冲突。这种破坏性的冲突有时间和空间的特点。

BBS的交流是个人或组织通过开展网络之间的信息发布和响应让人们分享信息，相互理解的过程，但许多影响传播效果因素存在于网络通信中。Robbins认为，交流失败主要是由于误解，往往体现在在语义理解和“声音”沟通渠道上差异。这些因素如，语义理解上的困难，不完整的信息交流和“声音”的沟通渠道，形成沟通障碍，成为导致冲突的潜在条件。此外，通讯渠道不流畅也是影响冲突出现的主要因素。人们过滤信息时，信息在人与人之间或官方可用的通信经线传播时，可能要发生潜在的冲突。BBS通信有很多方式：语言的，间接的，单边的，双边的，官方和非官方的沟通。在这样的多个宽松的网络通信模式下，与一种对站点有威胁、不确定性的从属站管理交流他们的想法。像这样的氛围推动了防御通信装置，这对创建交流的氛围和提高管理效能是没有用。由于通讯故障，问题和矛盾开始进入虚拟社区BBS。由“声音”和非官方沟通渠道的影响，管理站群之间正在逐渐形成潜在的冲突。

美国心理学家Lewin定义了个人心理冲突“接近——避免冲突”，这是指一方面，一个人要接近目标，另一方面，它要排除的目标。Lewin指出通过研究的是，一个人越接近他希望的目标，他越强烈想要达到目标；同时，他越是想避免目标。此外，他越接近目标时，越快捷的避免倾向比接近趋势急剧增长。根据Lewin的个人心理冲突的研究中，作为单独的个人，管理层或站点有抵触心理。此外因为这种心理抵触和身份因素，双方选择不同的行为时，就产生冲突了。

该组织的科学家Thomas的二维空间模型解释了人们的行为如何来处理冲突。在Thomas的二维模型中，冲突的行为有五种典型的情况：力量、避免、妥协、隐忍和诚实的合作。而且，在他的模型中，“合作”是指满足别人的利益，“任意”是指满足自己的利益。

通过参照Lewin的个人心理抵触和Thomas的二维模型来解决冲突研究中，本文给出了以下行为模式所选的管理站时，两者之间的冲突。（双方在选择自己的行为的关键是考虑自己的胜败得失。）因为不同的人选择不同的行为的冲突，下图是从管理角度，建立行为选择组合模型，冲突管理层和站点是基于坐标的功率因素和参与因素之间的横坐标。

如图，对管理站的可能对应的行为模式三行为：

控制装置。本站选择回避行为的抗议。毫无疑问，管理上坚决保持自己的绝对权力在虚拟社区。

谈判的手段（追求双赢）。该站不排除，但试图找到方案，该方案是可以接受的，并有利于双方。

合作方式。因为管理层有优秀的电源，该站省却或保持沉默。管理，使该站服从于自己的

协商决定。

从上述分析看出，无论是管理和站点处于进退两难的境地。但他们作出的决定更加注重自己的角色，并形成本位主义。因此，双方有一定的期望和偶尔要求对方。同时，抵制默许不合作态度或行为，使冲突出现。组织行为学认为，当双方遭受无法避免的问题没有完全解决，战败方总是带给因为心理挫折更大的冲突。只有合作，才能打破冲突的循环。这是应该使用的管理行为的手段，从而使冲突的破坏性减少。

3结论

由于BBS可以方便，快捷地传递信息，BBS形成舆论很快，非常小的冲突可以成为大的瞬间。因此，及时治疗，反馈和控制BBS科学是有效的方法来占领网络宣传阵地。从上面的章看出，管理和网站之间冲突并不频繁。但如果它出现时，它必须是比较大的冲突，这是不利于该网站的发展。下图是对策结构图指出，通过分析BBS的现状和原因与上述连接冲突。

在图2，BBS冲突的对策分为三个层次：组织战略层面，管理技术水平和基础水平。不同层次采用不同的方式来处理因不同因素的矛盾，协调运用三个层次，达到服务目标和愿景。五大对策三个层面的协调运作可以有效降低BBS冲突。但是因为网络信息通信的自由开放的，这是不可能完全和绝对控制它。因此，提高控制冲突水平需要群众的积极参与。发挥BBS的最大潜力，将其变成一个系统，加强高校的思想政治教育。

外文文献出处：Advances in Computer Science, Environment, Ecoinformatics, and Education Volume-OnPage:249-253

剩余内容已隐藏，支付完成后下载完整资料

Research of Conflicts Management in College BBS

Network Community

Xueqin Li

Abstract: The work presented in this paper focuses on the reality of BBS con-flict between BBS administration and System management. The fundamental theory including: the knowledge of conflict theory, communication theory, and ideological and political education theory. Besides, by the use of rational and qualitative analyses, observation and statistics means, main causes of BBS con-flicts are concluded in the aspects of ty pes, features and results. Finally, it is concluded that five strategy solutions are proposed in the base of integrating BBS management practices so as to avoid the occurrence of conflicts and con-tribute a great deal to purify theenvironment and maintain the order of campus.

Keywords: BBS administration, System management, Conflict,

Communication.

1 Introduction

The development of university BBS has an increasingly wide effect on the study, life and thought of university students and brings opportunities and challenges to the

thought and propaganda work of universities. The feature of anonymous registration

of BBS makes the unsafe information such as the sayings that attack the society,

country and schools, drastic sayings and junk information appear more frequently and

make the submitting and promulgation of information more random. In March of

2005, the BBS of many universities gradually carries out real-name control system.

By registration, replacing anonymity by real name, extending the actual legal system

and criteria to the network, making the users of Internet standardize their on-line be-haviors and reduce the bad on-line sayings. But the appearance of real name system canrsquo;t radically get rid of the radiation of fake information and rumors.

The managers need to perfect the relevant countermeasures. The management and steering of BBS is not only an important topic studied by legislatures, press and the academic circle. Finding the causes that affect the healthy development of BBS and seeking the countermeasures that can reduce and solve BBS conflicts are the vital points that educate and guide the students on the line. The current study of thescholars at home and abroad on BBS is conducted from the view-point of communications, sociology and psychology. From the visual angle of man-agement science, the domestic scholars mainly study the measures and systems of information series management by the structure and spreading of the information of BBS community and try to build the supervision mechanism of network community [3]. Although this article also starts from the management of university BBS, it mainly aims at the problems and malpractices appeared in the internal management of university BBS, that is, the study on the management conflict existing in the man-agement system of the macro-control of universities and the self-management of stu-dents. Probing into the conflict problem of BBS management is of active significance for further strengthening and raising the management effect of university BBS.

2 The Analysis of BBS Conflict

The conflict of university BBS is the reflection of the conflicts in the universities. As a special carrier, the virtual community plays a promoting, diffusing or hiding role in some conflicts of universities. As a kind of unique information exchange platform of universities, the most obvious feature is free speech. But this kind of complete free-dom has disappeared because of too many management limitations in reality. Espe-cially after the real-name system is carried out, it is possible that the on-line oral de-bate will turn into physical conflict in reality. Therefore, the BBS under many limits has more obvious and special conflicting characters. The conflict studied by this arti-cle is limited to destructive conflict. This destructive conflict has the feature of time and space.

The communication of BBS is the mutual action process of conducting information promulgation and response among the individuals or organizations by network to make people share information and understand each other. But many factors exist in network communication, which affect the communication effect. Robbins thinks The failure of communication results from misunderstanding, the difficulty in semantic understanding and the “noises” of communication channels. These factors like the difficulty in semantic understanding, incomplete information exchange and the “noises” of communication channels form the communication barriers and become the potential conditions that cause the conflicts. In addition, the communication chan-nels are not smooth is also the major factor that affects the emergence of conflicts. People filtrate the information when the information is spread among the people and the communication warp of official or available channels make it potentially possible for the conflict to arise. BBS communication has many means: language, indirect, unilateral, bilateral, official and unofficial communication. Under such a multiple and loose network communication model, the management exchange their ideas with the more special subordinate stations, which is a kind of threat for the stations and is a kind of uncertainty. The atmosphere like this promotes the defensive communication means, which is useless for creating the atmosphere of easy exchange and raising the management efficacy. Because of communication failure, problems and contradic-tions begin to enter the virtual community BBS. Affected by “noise” and unofficial communication channels, the latent conflict between the management and station group is formed gradually.

American psychologist Lewin defines the individual psychological conflict as “ap-proaching——obviating conflict” ,which refers to as,

剩余内容已隐藏，支付完成后下载完整资料

资料编号：[286914]，资料为PDF文档或Word文档，PDF文档可免费转换为Word