英文原文：
On methods of sustainable architectural design of bio-positive buildings in the low-riseresidential development structure
Anna Zhogoleva*,1, and Alexandra Teryagova1
1Samara State Technical University, Institute of Architecture and Civil Engineering,
Molodogvardeyskaya St, 194, Samara, 443001, Russia
Keywords: Interior design; Reengineering space; separated
Abstract. The purpose of the authorrsquo;s research is to determine the actual content of sustainable architectural design for suburban residential development. In accordance with the methodology of area sustainable development the traditional architectural design according to the rules and regulations is completed with additional approaches and methods. As a result, methods of bio-positive design of buildings have been studied and defined, including: the principle of planning transformations, the use of environmentally friendly, local building materials and design concepts, energy-efficient architectural design, the use of alternative energy in building operation, the design of the energy intake and accumulationsystems, the architectural and landscape design that ensures stable functioning of autonomous, sustainable biosystems on the site, nonwaste functioning of architectural objects, introduction of waste disposal systems in the project.
1 Introduction
Design and construction of energy efficient buildings is important and essential part of the contemporary architectural practice - design goals are achieved by experts - designers, engineers, architects. National and international systems of standardization and regulation of buildings energy efficiency are developed, moreover great attention is paid to climaticengineering and constructive indicators [1]. An important task of a modern architect is to actualize architectural and planning peculiarities of bio-positive buildings; to formulate methodology of energy efficient design bearing in mind these peculiarities.
Design and construction of energy efficient housing in Russia is still an actual issue of numerous discussions. This issue includes many aspects: climatic, economic, architectural and constructional and functional-spatial. Designing residential apartment buildings, which requires passing passing through the State expert review, is often based on traditional planning, design and engineering solutions as innovation enter this sphere design in Russia rather slowly. Low-rise individual housing construction actively relies on the use of more efficient, low-cost design solutions that enable autonomous use, independent of energy general supply systems. This paper gives basis to main principles of 'sustainable architectural design' for low-rise residential buildings, acceptable and typical for modern
Russia.
2 Materials and Methods
This research is of general-theoretical nature and its main task is to put forward the most effective methodology for sustainable design of low-rise residential buildings in the climatic conditions of Russia, including the Volga region. These territories are characterized by continental climate temperate of middle latitudes with a large annual amplitude of temperature of air (hot summers and cold winters). The key aspect for designing in Russia is its climate as it makes impossible to develop a common strategy for sustainable design methodology. There are seven climatic zones in the country, so it is logical that there should be a separate study for each of them to offer the most rational decision.
The content of the sustainable architectural design of suburban residential development is expanded: traditional architectural design according to the rules and regulations is completed with additional approaches and methods of architectural design of bio-positive buildings. Among them are:
1.The method of planning transformations (integration of dwelling into natural, social and industrial environment, gradual spatial development, achieving an optimum balance of closed, open and semi-open spaces).
2.Reference to regional and national traditions of residential house construction.
3.The use of environmentally friendly, local building materials and design concepts.
4.Energy efficient architectural design. The use of alternative types of energy during buildings and structures operation, design of systems for energy intake and accumulation [2].
3 Results
3.1 The method of planning transformations
Important part of the 'sustainable architectural design' methodology is the method of planning transformations, which is implemented with the help of the following techniques:a) gradual spatial development of a residential building.
For 'growing' suburban houses the following architectural techniques are recommended: combination of heated space with different 'additional' planning elements: spacious porches, galleries, glazed verandas, sheds or a winter garden. The gradual vertical building extension is also possible: arrangement and insulation of open terraces on the second floor to create additional bedrooms. Insulation and renovation of the attic space for using them as rooms can be made if there is free space for staircase installation; the attic floor, designed as interfloor, in case the increased loads from people and furniture have been calculated,and also the attic space free from struts, props and other truss elements. Frequent use of cantilevers and extension spaces in the design allows increasing the house cubage depending on the needs of its owners.
In modern architectural practice the low-rise housing systems similar to the 'modular construction set' are used. It allows to begin planning and building of a house with a small area, and then to expand the building with
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英文原文：
On methods of sustainable architectural design of bio-positive buildings in the low-riseresidential development structure
Anna Zhogoleva*,1, and Alexandra Teryagova1
1Samara State Technical University, Institute of Architecture and Civil Engineering,
Molodogvardeyskaya St, 194, Samara, 443001, Russia
Keywords: Interior design; Reengineering space; separated
Abstract. The purpose of the authorrsquo;s research is to determine the actual content of sustainable architectural design for suburban residential development. In accordance with the methodology of area sustainable development the traditional architectural design according to the rules and regulations is completed with additional approaches and methods. As a result, methods of bio-positive design of buildings have been studied and defined, including: the principle of planning transformations, the use of environmentally friendly, local building materials and design concepts, energy-efficient architectural design, the use of alternative energy in building operation, the design of the energy intake and accumulationsystems, the architectural and landscape design that ensures stable functioning of autonomous, sustainable biosystems on the site, nonwaste functioning of architectural objects, introduction of waste disposal systems in the project.
1 Introduction
Design and construction of energy efficient buildings is important and essential part of the contemporary architectural practice - design goals are achieved by experts - designers, engineers, architects. National and international systems of standardization and regulation of buildings energy efficiency are developed, moreover great attention is paid to climaticengineering and constructive indicators [1]. An important task of a modern architect is to actualize architectural and planning peculiarities of bio-positive buildings; to formulate methodology of energy efficient design bearing in mind these peculiarities.
Design and construction of energy efficient housing in Russia is still an actual issue of numerous discussions. This issue includes many aspects: climatic, economic, architectural and constructional and functional-spatial. Designing residential apartment buildings, which requires passing passing through the State expert review, is often based on traditional planning, design and engineering solutions as innovation enter this sphere design in Russia rather slowly. Low-rise individual housing construction actively relies on the use of more efficient, low-cost design solutions that enable autonomous use, independent of energy general supply systems. This paper gives basis to main principles of 'sustainable architectural design' for low-rise residential buildings, acceptable and typical for modern
Russia.
2 Materials and Methods
This research is of general-theoretical nature and its main task is to put forward the most effective methodology for sustainable design of low-rise residential buildings in the climatic conditions of Russia, including the Volga region. These territories are characterized by continental climate temperate of middle latitudes with a large annual amplitude of temperature of air (hot summers and cold winters). The key aspect for designing in Russia is its climate as it makes impossible to develop a common strategy for sustainable design methodology. There are seven climatic zones in the country, so it is logical that there should be a separate study for each of them to offer the most rational decision.
The content of the sustainable architectural design of suburban residential development is expanded: traditional architectural design according to the rules and regulations is completed with additional approaches and methods of architectural design of bio-positive buildings. Among them are:
1.The method of planning transformations (integration of dwelling into natural, social and industrial environment, gradual spatial development, achieving an optimum balance of closed, open and semi-open spaces).
2.Reference to regional and national traditions of residential house construction.
3.The use of environmentally friendly, local building materials and design concepts.
4.Energy efficient architectural design. The use of alternative types of energy during buildings and structures operation, design of systems for energy intake and accumulation [2].
3 Results
3.1 The method of planning transformations
Important part of the 'sustainable architectural design' methodology is the method of planning transformations, which is implemented with the help of the following techniques:a) gradual spatial development of a residential building.
For 'growing' suburban houses the following architectural techniques are recommended: combination of heated space with different 'additional' planning elements: spacious porches, galleries, glazed verandas, sheds or a winter garden. The gradual vertical building extension is also possible: arrangement and insulation of open terraces on the second floor to create additional bedrooms. Insulation and renovation of the attic space for using them as rooms can be made if there is free space for staircase installation; the attic floor, designed as interfloor, in case the increased loads from people and furniture have been calculated,and also the attic space free from struts, props and other truss elements. Frequent use of cantilevers and extension spaces in the design allows increasing the house cubage depending on the needs of its owners.
In modern architectural practice the low-rise housing systems similar to the 'modular construction set' are used. It allows to begin planning and building of a house with a small area, and then to expand the building with
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